A Novel Perspective

When we hear crimes of murder, rape or abduction of women, we usually judge the case relying on the credibility of those involved. In accordance to evidence law, we try to establish credibility of the personalities involved such as the offender, the victim, and the witnesses to see who is telling the truth. However, as trial prevails, relying on credibility sometimes acquits the offender, after presenting enough evidence to destroy the credibility of the victim. In Oates’ short story, â€Å"Where Are You Going and Where Have You Been? the author presents an example of a crime where the criminal could be easily acquitted based on evidence of the victim’s willful submission to the desires of the offender. However, revealing the hypnotism behind the crime, the author implies a way to judge crimes using a novel perspective. Similar to the process of providing evidence in a trial, the author builds foundation of the case through characterization. She establishes the persona lity of the main character named Connie. In the introduction, Connie is strongly contrasted with her stereotypical sister, June. She is described as far more independent than the latter, making her a strong and willful character. Based on this, it is easy to think that Connie is partly responsible for whatever she experiences from her abductor, Arnold Friend. In addition, her strolling activities with her friends, not to mention her acquaintances with men, add to the denigration of her character. Her choice to be on her own while her friends go different ways suggests her adventurous nature. Also, her beauty makes it easy for her to attract attention especially from boys. Furthermore, occasions where she displays split personality, â€Å"Everything about her had two sides to it† (408), could emphasize Connie’s inclination to hang out with guys like Arnold Friend. While most aspects of the characterization could lead one to believe that Connie is to be blamed for her fate, the plot of the story, supported by the dialogues, reveals the truth about the crime. The development of the action shows Connie’s resistance to the will of the criminal. During the time Arnold tries to convince Connie to get out of the house, Connie repeatedly dismisses him, telling him that she does not recognize him at all. She even tries to use the phone to ask for help. As employed, the dialogues support the fact that Connie is taken against her will, and that she should not be blamed for the events that follow. Some points leading to the abduction can be established against Arnold Friend. Specifically, Arnold Friend’s age, which is twice that of Connie, shows the man’s sole accountability for the crime. Moreover, considering the fact that they are not of the same age confirms Connie’s dissociation from the man. Other evidences confirm that the crime was perfectly planned by a hard criminal. Specifically, the car, which bears Arnold’s name, is used to show outward identification, thus convincing Connie of his honest intention. Conversely, this could be used by Arnold as evidence of his innocence. It is easy to believe that if he really plans to abduct Connie, Arnold will not put his identification on his car. However, the judge should see the real motives behind the eager display of identity, which are to convince the victim of the abductor’s â€Å"honest intention,† and even to deny later allegations of abduction. Considering the car as evidence, it can be considered that the crime is carefully planned, thus adding degree to the sentence if Arnold gets convicted. Further to the evidences provided, analyzing the crime in view of hypnosis could provide a different angle to the story. The way Connie behaves at the end, as she deliberately follows orders from Arnold, illustrates the latter’s use of hypnosis. Just before her complete submission, Connie attempts to call the police, shut the door, scream out loud, but feels too weak to do so. This weakness can be attributed to the hypnosis that Arnold uses upon her. Particularly, Connie’s cold feeling, and her sudden weakness to even touch the phone’s dial are signs of being under hypnosis. The narrator of the story recounts instances when Connie feels â€Å"a wave of dizziness rise in her †¦Ã¢â‚¬  when she realizes how old Arnold and Ellie are, when she stares at the â€Å"x† sign that Arnold makes, and when she looks at Arnold’s face as Ellie mumbles words from the background music in the car. The final part, where Connie submits to Arnold’s embrace and closes the door of their house shows her fully hypnotized condition. Under hypnosis, Arnold easily convinces her to head into the car and elope with him, as if they two have a special relationship. Thus, to a bystander, this scene would make it look as if Connie really knows the guy, and that she intends to come with him in his car. This evidence, when presented later in court, could convince anyone of Connie’s willful consent, and could thus free the criminal. Revealing the element of hypnosis, the author suggests a novel perspective in judging crimes especially those related to Connie’s case, where the abductor is much older, and is a complete stranger. Showing symptoms of hypnotism, the author provides some insights one may use seeing a similar scenario in real life. There are times when one sees some couples who look strange, for instance, the woman is too young for the man, or the girl looks too submissive or too innocent. Although this thought does not apply to all appearing in this guise, it may be wise to observe if hypnotism is present in such cases. This way, one may help solve the problem of heinous crimes committed against women and children. Further to the symptoms of hypnosis that the author presents, tracing the ways by which hypnosis is employed provides readers some ideas on how one can be placed under hypnosis, and consequently, how one can rid of it. In the story, Arnold employs different means to put Connie under hypnosis. One is through the music he and Ellie play in the car. Notably, the mention of music in the scenes where Arnold sees Connie for the first time and when he is in front of Connie’s house suggests the offender’s use of music to induce hypnosis. As Connie listens to the music, it makes her feel so good, â€Å"like music at a church service† (408) which she could depend upon. Tapping to the tune of music from Ellie’s radio Arnold makes Connie feel disoriented to the things around her. She suddenly diverts attention to different things, like asking Arnold’s age, and becomes more aware of space than before. These behaviors show a significant change in her, thus implying abnormality of her state. In addition to the music, the â€Å"x† sign which Arnold makes in the air is likewise used to hypnotize her. â€Å"After his hand fell back to his side the X was still in the air, almost visible† (415). This illustrates Arnold’s use of hand sign similar to a pendulum during process of hypnosis to intensify Connie’s submission. Afterwards, â€Å"all †¦ things did not come together† (415) for Connie, and she finds it difficut to make sense of things, including the way Arnold talks and taps his finger to the beat of the music. The final part which implies Connie’s hypnotism implies the use of a novel perspective in dealing with crimes in the modern society. As the story shows, putting subjects under hypnosis allows the offender to conduct the crime without force, thus avoiding accountability for it later on. Applying this to reality, people who serve as witnesses to the closeness between the offender and the victim at the time of hypnosis will not shed light to the case because what they see is a mere facade, which happens under the control of the offender. Therefore, only the victims’ recall of what actually happened can help to convict a criminal. Until then, statutory evidence establishing credibility of the accused and the victims will not serve to bring justice. Instead, the use of a novel perspective such as uncovering occurrence of hypnotism proves to be the best way in dealing with crimes.

Strategic Management Accounting

STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING This report will attempt to explain what Strategic Management Accounting (SMA) is, how it developed, why Traditional Management Accounting (TMA) is not sufficient to provide information for strategic decisions and the difference between SMA and TMA. It will further outline some of the essential analytical tools or techniques in SMA such as Activity Based Costing (ABC) and the Balanced Scorecard (BSC). SMA is an extremely broad concept, so in order to give a bird’s eye view of the subject this report mainly focus on comparing SMA to TMA and finally describes the importance and criticisms of SMA.What is Strategic Management Accounting? â€Å"A form of management accounting in which emphasis is placed on information which relates to factors external to the firm, as well as non-financial information and internally generated information. † (CIMA Official Terminology) â€Å"Strategic management accounting is a crucially important activity beca use it is outward-looking. It focuses specifically on the market, hence its common description as market-driven accounting. The main data it produces is on customers, products and competitors.This is softer in form than the hard numbers associated with financial reporting, but it forms a part of the inclusive strategy process that is linked to the pursuit of competitive advantage. † (Roslender and Hart, 2006) As mentioned above, SMA emphasis on information external to the firm, such as information about competitors and customers, and non-financial information such as product quality and customer satisfaction, along with emphasising on firm’s internal factors such as information regarding company’s overheads and management of raw materials.The professional strategic management accountant engages with the organization’s top management team and contributes to strategy development and implementation with the aim of creating customer value and a strong competit ive position for the organisation. The business environment has undergone significant changes due to globalisation and developments in information and production technologies (Burgstahler et al. 2007). Trading on a global stage with exponentially advancement in technology has indirectly and radically ffected the traditional management system. These sudden changes have generated the need for Traditional Management Accounting, which is preoccupied with numbers and accounting measures to shift to the next level, which is to focus on value addition and integration within a company. Strategic Management Accounting VS Traditional Management Accounting The three main limitations of Traditional Management Accounting (TMA) are, first, TMA information was acquired from the existing financial accounting information systems.As a result the focus generally remained on annual periodical targets and internal accounting systems thus failing in providing accurate and holistic information that mirror s the technology, products, and complexity of the operational processes on the one hand and on the other hand failing in integrating these for operating in a highly competitive environment (Baines and Langfield-Smith, 2003). Second, its aggregated form renders it less useful for a manager who wants information to be customised according to the specific managerial needs.Third, the window dressing applied by financial accountants to make it look good to the external users makes it less reliable for managerial decision making. Just as TMA was developed and introduced as a recipe for the shortcomings of the traditional cost accounting textbooks, SMA has, arguably, been launched by the accounting scholars as the new state of the art discipline. It has been claimed that the development of the field of SMA would render the old fashioned TMA extinct as the newer version focuses not only on the internal financial information, but also upon the external aspects of the business operations (Smi th 2005).Simmonds (1981), who is credited with phrasing SMA, differentiates it from TMA on the basis of its greater focus on the comparison of the business with its competitors. Bromwich, (1990) contends that SMA enables the management to have a bird’s eye view of the competitors’ procedure and business techniques business and to take decisions accordingly. In this way a major hallmark of SMA is its inclusion of non-financial aspects for the purpose of decision making. Lords (1996) identifies the following functions which are commonly associated with SMA: 1.Collecting information related to the competitors. 2. Using accounting for strategic decisions. 3. Cutting costs on the basis of strategic decisions. 4. And, gaining competitive advantage through it. Wilson and Chua (1993) tabulate ten key differences between MA and SMA as following: | Traditional MA| Strategic MA| 1| Historical| Prospective| 2| Single entity| Relative| 3| Introspective| Out-ward looking| 4| Manufac turing focus| Competitive focus| 5| Existing activities| Possibilities| 6| Reactive| Proactive| | Programmed| Un-programmed| 8| Data orientation| Information oriented| 9| Based on existing systems| Unconstrained by existing systems| 10| Built on conventions| Ignores conventions| Critics have regularly complained that TMA focuses too much on internal business functions of accounting in order to meet the requirements of the internal managers. Some argues that while special attention is given to the internal affairs of the business sight is lost of the external opportunities and potential business threats.The underlying assumption of this discipline is that it improves upon the traditional management accounting by enlarging its scope and realigning it more tightly with other disciplines such as strategy and marketing. Some of the analytical tools which were developed in the fields of strategy and marketing, which are now considered an essential part of SMA toolbox, are: Attribute Costi ng: In this costing system the attributes of a product are emphasised, including the products features, certain purchase agreements, or after-sale services.The information inspected, however, has to be relevant to current or future competitors. Competitor Cost Assessment: Taking advantage of the increasing trend of readily accessing available information, the competitors’ costs (production, labour, raw materials) are keenly analysed. Bromwich (1990) stresses the need for studying competitor’s costs as understanding them helps in managing a business’s own costs. Competitor Appraisal Based on Financial Statements: It is another effective oncept as it permits comparison and benchmarking, information contained in financial statements can be strategically used with the help of ratio analysis. The Balanced Scorecard (BSC): The BSC was proposed by Kaplan and Norton (1992) in which financial and non-financial measures were integrated for strategic performance management purpose. It aimed to create a balance by linking vision and strategy of the business with multi-dimensional perspective of customers, internal business processes, learning and growth, and financial position.Strategic Costing: A further concept of relevance as costs are broken down to measure them for strategic relevance, such as matching the amount competitors spend on areas such as marketing and pricing. Valuing Customers as Assets: It is a concept that illustrates the importance of a customer or particular group of customers, Guilding and McManus (2002) state that it can be assessed through a method where the present values of estimated profits are discounted from the trading correlation of particular customers.Value Chain Costing: The technique has been developed from value chain analysis proposed by Porter (1985) for gaining competitive advantage. In this analysis all value-creating activities related to the development of a product or service is linked in the form of a chain. Those activities which are vital for adding value are given more importance. Activity Based Costing (ABC): The ABC is a costing system in which manufacturing overhead costs are assigning to products through a cogent approach, as opposed to allocating the costs on the basis of a predetermined rate.It initially assigns costs to an activity that is directly linked to overheads; and subsequently assigns the costs to those products that require the production activities. Disadvantages of Strategic Management Accounting Some argue that Management accountants do not have a set of policies and procedures to follow, as financial accountants follow accounting procedures and principles outlined by IFRS committee or GAAP. Strategic accountants form their own standards and therefore information cannot be compared from company to company as in financial accounting.Another form of criticism is that strategic accountants focus mainly on quantitative information, and quantitative information obtaine d are very rational. The drawback with focusing mainly at rational information is that other relevant and crucial information may be ignored. For example, they might determine a new office should be built at a specific location because wage and taxes are lower; however they might have failed to look at the bigger picture by only focusing on quantitative information.Since there is no standard procedure or principle to follow, strategic accountants add their own personal beliefs and feelings into making decisions. Free of bias is next to impossible but even if there is one, requires individuals that can focus on the entire job at hand and take all factors into consideration. Expensive Conclusion: Strategic Management Accounting involves major decisions, business choices, and actions of organisation by using both financial and non-financial information with a greater focus on the comparison of the business with its competitors.Implementation of SMA tools provides a sustainable competit ive advantage for the company to build a stable economic position within the industry. TMA focuses too much on internal business functions and that result in lost of the external opportunities and potential business threats. Despite the disadvantages mentioned above, it can be concluded that SMA improves upon the traditional management accounting by enlarging its scope with other disciplines such as strategy and marketing. Bibliography: 1. Baines, A. And Langfield-Smith, K. 2003), ‘Antecedents to management accounting change: a structural equation approach’. Accounting Organizations and Society, 28 (7-8). 2. Burgstahler, D. , Horngren, C. T. , Schatzberg, J. , Stratton, W. O. And Sundem, G. L. (2007), Introduction to management accounting, 14th ed. , Pearson/Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. 3. Smith, M (2005), Performance measurement and management: a strategic approach to management accounting, SAGE, London. 4. Simmonds K, (1981), ‘Strategic Management Acco unting’, Management Accounting, 59(4), 26-29. 5. Bromwich, M. (1990).The case for strategic management accounting: The role of accounting information for strategy in competitive markets. Accounting, Organisation and Society. 15 (1-2), 27-46. 6. Lord, R. (1996). Strategic Management Accounting: The Emperor’s New Clothes? , Management Accounting Research, 7 (3). 7. Wilson, R. M. S. And Chua, W. F. (1993) Managerial accounting : method and meaning/Richard M. S. Wilson, Wai Fong Chua ;series edited by Richard M. S Wilson Chapman &Hall, London ; New York: 8. Kaplan, R and Norton, D (2002). The balanced scorecard. USA: Harvard Business Press. 92-225. 9. Guilding, C. , and McManus, L. , (2002), The Incidence, perceived merit and antecedents of customer accounting: an exploratory note, Accounting, Organization and Society, 27, 45-59. 10. Ehow. The disadvantages of strategic management accounting http://www. ehow. com/list_6793416_disadvantages-strategic-management-accounting. html 11. Robin Roslender, Susan J. Hart, (2006) â€Å"Interfunctional cooperation in progressing accounting for brands: The case for brand management accounting†, Journal of Accounting & Organizational Change, Vol. 2 Iss: 3, pp. 229 – 247

MGTU1DB

1. Definitely not appropriate, 2. Probably not appropriate, 3. Undecided, 4. Probably appropriate, and 5. Definitely appropriate __5___ Careful study of trade journals – There is no law that prohibits the access to trade journals. Anyone with a subscription can freely peruse through journal contents. Furthermore, trade journals are reputable sources that collect data through legitimate means. __1___ Wiretapping the telephones of competitors Aside from this being against the law in most countries, it also infringes against the universal right of individuals and other entities to privacy. __4__ Posing as a potential customer to competitors Although there is nothing preventing an entity from doing this, the effort that the competition needs to exert to entertain the â€Å"fake† customer is an unethical burden to impose. This is unless the â€Å"spying† entity intends to avail of the competitor’s goods/services anyway for comparison in which case I see absolutely nothing wrong with it. __4__ Getting loyal customers to put out a phone `request for proposal` soliciting competitors` bids Since these are loyal customers, then the ‘requests for proposal’ are obviously superficial. However, it rests on the shoulders of the competitors to weed out these superficial requests and not give in to them. __5__ Buying competitors` products and taking them apart It’s called reverse engineering. If you pay for something, then you have the right to learn as much as you can from it. Of course, this is strictly on an information gathering perspective. Copying the work and selling it is subject to a whole other set of rules. __2__ Hiring management consultants who have worked for competitors I see nothing wrong with the company making this move. However, the consultants are of course subject to limitations bound by their contracts to competitors that they had worked for previously. These conditions usually include confidentiality in which case it would be futile for the company to try to get info from another company by extracting it from consultancy firms that their competitors have previously used. __4__ Rewarding competitors` employees for useful `tips` So long as the ‘tips’ are legally acquired, there’s nothing wrong with it. __3__ Questioning competitors` customers and/or suppliers There’s nothing wrong with conducting information drives to customers. Customers usually have small grievances on a competitor which could prove useful for the company. Suppliers are another matter. Suppliers especially ones that have exclusive customers by region usually do not divulge information regarding their clients. __5__ Buying and analyzing competitors` garbage It’s the same as buying the competitor’s products. __1__ Advertising and interviewing for nonexistent jobs This blatantly fools not only the competitor but also the general public. It constitutes a violation __5__ Taking public tours of competitors` facilities Since it is a public tour, then it’s perfectly alright for the company to tour competitor facilities as guided by the rules in those facilities. Violating the rules (such as taking pictures when not allowed to do so) is another matter. __2__ Releasing false information about the company in order to confuse competitors. Although the company aims to confuse competition, what it’s actually doing is also confusing the public which is generally an unacceptable business practice. There are some exceptions such as when the company bait’s competition with information that does not affect any other public or private entity aside from the competitors. These exceptions could mean something like deliberately leaving fake files in front of a competitor. __2__ Questioning competitors` technical people at trade shows and conferences Like the consultancy firms, these individuals are probably under strict contract not to divulge any pertinent information. There is no problem in questioning them, but what they reveal might even be false information that could damage the company rather than help them with the competition. __5__ Hiring key people away from competitors This is piracy. As long as the company can make offers that its competitor’s employees can’t refuse, it’s a free country. __3___ Analyzing competitors` labor union contracts It completely depends on the nature of the contracts. If it is a matter of public document, then there’s nothing wrong with procuring and analyzing it. If not, then the competitor’s privacy should be respected __1___ Having employees date persons who work for competitors If this is obligatory which is what is implied by the statement, then it violates the private life of the company’s employees. It is also most likely beyond their employees’ job descriptions. If it is voluntary, then it seems to be a matter of personal morals, although I’d still say that it is cruel. __3__ Studying aerial photographs of competitors` facilities This strictly depends on whether or not the law allows the act. I see no moral contentions outside those of mere adherence to government mandate. Reference: Gordon, H. (2003). Business Ethics. Pinedale Press: New Jersey

Sky Global Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Sky Global - Essay Example The nature of the subsidiary office will be basically meant marketing because the products will be processed in Australia and shipped to France. France has a variety of races and people with different lifestyles (Sparrow, Brewster, & Harris, 2004). Though it can be said that French markets is diverse, provision of good services makes consumers buy the product in the market. Justification of the choice The major reason for the establishment of the subsidiary is mainly due to the potential market available in the country. Traditionally French people had some specific ways of identifying the cepage and terroir (Edwards, 2007). The terroir identify the wine in regards to the place where the processing was done, the taste of wine from that region and skills that the producer has. In the other way, cepage identifies wine by the type of grapes used in the process of making the wine (Edwards, 2007). For many years the French wine consumers based their choice of wine on terroir however a new trend is emerging that preference has shifted to being based on cepage where wines were associated with the grapes and its taste. Basically this is an opportunity as most of the foreign wines are gaining acceptance in the market and therefore Sky Global Wine Company could not wait to seize the opportunity (Edwards, 2007). Management Structure Structure of management between the headquarters and the subsidiary With the new subsidiary in place, it is important to ensure that the company has the most important staff that will coordinate its activities in France. For efficiency the following posts were found to be necessary for smooth running of the business. The manager in the Subsidiary country will coordinate with the headquarters on the operation activities Country Manager Manager in charge of Marketing Chief Wine Technologist Manager in charge of Production Finance Manger Human Resource Manager Country Manager The activities revolving around the success of the company will be mainl y based on the manager. The company will place an experience manager from the company in order to facilitate the experience that has seen the company grow in its international market (Price A. , 2007). It will be necessary to have a manager from the parent country because it is more likely to have a wide selection to make from. Manager in charge of Marketing The manager in charge of marketing should be from the host nation basically this is because of the cultural and language understanding (Sparrow, Brewster, & Harris, 2004). It will be important to work with the person conversant with the environment that than to just make a choice Chief Wine Technologist Since the brand has gained its international reputation through its quality and test, it will be equally important to ensure an expatriate who has vast experience in working for the company takes the mandate. Manager in charge of Production Finance Manger Human Resource Manager Most of the employees will be from the subsidiary co untry since their presence will be an added advantage due to their experience working in the country. They are perfectly in a good position to deal with issues arising from their own country. Comparison between Peoples management in the host country and the subsidiary country People’s management style in Australia In Australia the sense of equality in an organization is highly valued to extend that the manager should not behave like a superior.

Social Work - case example Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Social Work - case example - Essay Example Crises are basically an opportunity for growth when resolved properly as persons in crisis are more open to adapting new problem solving skills. However, when coping mechanisms do not work and crisis is left unresolved, that is when problems arise. Moreover, unresolved crisis will further make the person more likely to be unable to resolve future issues (Crisis Intervention 2006). In this paper, we will tackle on the case of the fifteen-year-old Con who ran away from home and now seeks guidance and counseling. As a social worker in charge of Con’s case, it is best to fully understand his situation and do proper assessment before a suitable intervention can be formulated. Relating the concept on crisis, we will assume that Con is a teenager undergoing crisis. The issues that revolve around him constitute the array of circumstances that bring about his crisis. Con is classified as an adolescent as he is fifteen years of age. As an adolescent, Con faces a series of challenges which may have brought about the predicament he now faces. In Con’s case, his act of running away from home may be a manifestation of the rebellion that is likely of children his age that may be the result of the changes he is undergoing at present (Adolescent Psychology). Moreover, the distant relationship he feels towards his parents along with his closeness to his peers can be the result of his struggle to establish his own identity and his quest for independence. Being in the stage of puberty, Con is placed under a lot of pressure and the increasing anxiety that he experiences in response to all the pressures can trigger a maturational crisis. Hence, the crisis he faces causes him to feel elevated levels of anxiety that might have been the cause for his behavioral manifestations. In order to help Con, interventions must then be focused on correcting the maladaptive behaviors he manifests so that he can function

How significant were the neandertals to the evolution of anatomically Essay

How significant were the neandertals to the evolution of anatomically modern humans - Essay Example Neandertal fossils date back to 130 000- 30 000 BP throughout the region of Eurasia. Their fossils were morphologically different from modern man in that they were ruggedly built with thick chest (Lahr 130). The Neandertals were very strong and muscular; an adaptation that helped them to survive in tough conditions. According to Hublin, the Neandertals spent most of their lives in caves given that their reign was during a period of long glacial maximum. Although referred to as ancient cavemen, recent archaeological studies have pointed out that the Neandertals were intelligent considering the fact they used stone tools and sometimes fire. (Ponced et al,13767). Thus, new evidence suggests that although the Neandertals were slightly physically different from the anatomically modern man, both shared a lot of characteristics. According to Roebroeks, anatomically modern man came into direct contact with the Neandertals about fifty thousand years ago (p. 438). The neandertals and modern ma n were forced to compete for the resources available like food and locations (Mellars 103). However, the highly specialized morphology of the Neandertals began working to their disadvantage due the climatic changes. There is no conclusive evidence to ascertain whether modern man was more evolve than the neandertals at this point in history. However, the discovery of cultural items associated with early modern man suggest that indeed, neandertals were less evolved in comparison (Hardy 35). Since both the neandertals and modern man shared diets, the competition for food grew fierce with time. Eventually, the neandertals were pushed towards harsh and less fertile environment which heralded their demise. It should be noted that modern man and neandertals were very similar. Research by Currat pointed out that modern man and neandertals had similar cultures (p. 15129). For instance, both were cognizant of the significance of death and tools of trade were inherited. Although they both had had significant morphological differences, their genetic distinction could still allow for mating to produce offspring that was viable. The possibility of interbreeding between modern man and neandertals may offer insight into the similar traits between the two (Weaver et al 464) . The gene of microcephalin is archeologically attributed to neandertal man. This trait was absent in modern man genome up to approximately one million years ago. Its presence in anatomically modern man thus points out to interbreeding with the neandertals. The gene that allowed for more brain development and intelligence was critical for the existence and survival of modern man (Ponced 1365). This gene was rapidly propagated through the modern man by positive selection and it is now present in a majority of the world population. Thus, it is evident that neandertals passed on some superior genes of brain development to modern man which contributed significantly to their evolution. The intelligence gene was advantageous to the progress and survival of anatomically modern man in a dynamic world. According to Blow et al, further research into the DNA of Neandertals has indicated compellingly that in deed anatomically modern man and neandertals interbred (1367). This conclusion was reached after the study found out that modern man had a gene that helped to develop resistance to virus that was previously found in

Art and Fashion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Art and Fashion - Essay Example The essay "Art and Fashion" focuses on the fashion designs and Elsa Schiaparelli. Schiaparelli’s well known designs in regard to fetish, gender and sexuality, were feminine and functional and at the same time maintained the theme of Surrealist of the woman body as fetish. Schiaparelli is well remembered for working together with Salvador Dali and through their work, Surrealist work become animated and also gained life. Through working together with Dali, Schiaparelli took fashion out of the closet, turning it into dressing with attitude. Dali had much respect on the way Schiaparelli’s designs were able to bring out physical revelation to the fantasies of the insensible mind. In addition, Dali had respect on Schiaparelli’s ability to come up with a form of feminine beauty matching to male’s erotic imagination. The materiality of dressing, when used as an adornment of the body, turned Surrealist work into visual fashion, and fashion gave way for the creation of well-designed pieces out of extraordinary or ordinarily less useful objects. These facts form a basis for the explanation of why Dali and fellow Surrealists had much attraction to haute couture. One issue that is worth considering is that a majority of Schiaparelli’s work has become a key contributor in clothing design, but, unfortunately, her contribution goes unrecognized. However, Schiaparelli in collaboration with Dali managed to bring Surrealism to life, animating paintings and changing art into wearable and functional element. Schiaparelli was well aware that clothes and accessories had the ability to function as an extension of a woman, enabling women to change their personality and make a choice of what they intend to become. Apart from collaborating with Dali, Schiaparelli also collaborated with other Surrealists such as Oppenheim, Giacometti, Aragon, Fini, and Triolet in making jewelry and perfume containers and clothing. In addition, Schiaparelli's personal col lections were also thematically Surrealist (Baudot, 2006). Different from the long-term Coco Channel whose pieces of work continue to bloom, the House of Schiaparelli has not managed to achieve such stable popularity. In the same breath, Schiaparelli’s pieces of art have not been able to trigger a fabulous deal of significant analysis compared to Coco channel (Peacock, 1993). Therefore, Schiaparelli’s contributions in the fashion industry are yet to be fully acknowledged. Many have dismissed Schiaparelli’s contributions on grounds that they are derivative and others accusing her of stealing other people’s ideas. The 2007 V&A even staged fashions by Schiaparelli, but this was one of a few exhibitions that staged her work. Therefore, finding exhibitions with Schiaparelli’s work remains extremely rare and the last exhibition that had an exclusive devotion to her work took place in September 2002 and January 2003 at the museum of art in Philadelphia (W ood, 2007). Contrary to what is mentioned above, there were a number of publications on

Nalysis Essay. Buddhist and Psychological Perspectives on Emotions Essay

Nalysis . Buddhist and Psychological Perspectives on Emotions Well Being-Paul Ekman - Essay Example To retrieve the data, the researchers noticed changes in the biological activity of the Buddhist practitioners when they were emotional, the way they reacted to others’ emotions and the regulating power of their interactive styles. According to the researchers, would generate useful information regarding the extent to which humans can control their emotions through practice. The second section is entirely dedicated to the beliefs of the Buddhist practitioners. The third section discusses the findings of psychological studies that compliment the views of the Buddhist practitioners and the forth section draws a comparison between the two. The fifth section summarizes the findings and draws the conclusion. Such a division of the report makes it easy for the audience not only to study and understand the information, but also to remember it sequentially. The comparison made by the researchers between the Buddhists’ perspectives about emotion and the states of mind and the pe rspectives of the psychologists enables the audiences to compare religion with science. The textual analysis suggests that the Buddhists’ perspective on emotional happiness depends upon the extent to which the nature of reality has been rightly apprehended. Buddhist perspective largely draws on the eternal state of happiness or suffering instead of the temporal mood shifts that have conventionally remained the prime concern for a vast majority of the psychologists. Emotion as a word has not been recognized in any of the traditional languages of the Buddhists, though they have identified certain mental conditions which have the potential to cause harm both to the individual having them and through him to others. Buddhist practitioners consider certain behaviors afflictive in nature irrespective of their context unlike the Aristotelian ethics. The authors have identified three mind processes to support the Buddhists’ view. The first of them is craving which inculcates a desire for an individual to separate his/her self from the rest. Hatred is another affliction that motivates one to harm another. Thirdly, the sense of self is also an affliction because it encourages an individual to think of it as something permanent whereas it is constantly changing and evolving. Therefore, these toxins are deemed harmful for an individual by the Buddhists. Psychologists in comparison to the Buddhists consider emotions to be adaptive rather than good or bad. Psychology places emphasis upon the need to regulate the behavior for the better rather increasing inner consciousness. The authors should preferably have chosen the section headings first according to the Buddists’ perspective and then according to the psychologists’ perspective. Although the authors mention in the start that the section headings accord with the Buddhists’ and the psychologists’ perspective, yet there is little coordination between the headings. There are two head ings of â€Å"Buddhists’ view† in the report. The information contained in them should have been complied under the single heading of â€Å"Buddhists’ view† instead of two. The paper provides an in-sight into the Buddhists’ perspective of emotion and their preferred choices of the ways emotions should be dealt with. Of the two, the psychologists’ perspective sounds more realistic, logical and applicable to a wider audience while the Buddhists’ perspective sounds mythical, complicated and applicable to

Compare and contrast reform under Khrushchev and Gorbachev Essay

Compare and contrast reform under Khrushchev and Gorbachev - Essay Example 2009). In 1934 Khrushchev became a member of the partys central committee. He had a close link to Soviet leader Joseph Stalin, and after Stalins death in 1953 Khrushchev surfaced as the new leader. He started restructuring Stalins most atrocious extremes, and as he criticized some crimes of Stalin which was considered as a dramatic development. Khrushchev as well tried to create fresh dealings with the United States; in 1959 he visited the U.S. and met with President Eisenhower (answers.com. 2009). Khrushchev delivered his well-known secret speech in 1956 wherein he exposed the reality of a letter written by Lenin prior to his death. The letter was significant of Stalin’s misdeeds, and Khrushchev made use it as weapon to condemn Stalins rules and practices, mainly the purges that he supported. This denigration led to de-Stalinization, a course that led to reforms, for instance leniency towards government censorship of the press, transference of economic decision making, and streamlining of the cooperative farm. Concerning foreign policy, Khrushchev promoted ‘peaceful coexistence,’ and reduction of strain involving the United States and the Soviet Union. At the same time Khrushchev was condemned from the start for the recommended reforms, and his political and armed forces failure in the Cuban Missile Crisis made certain his loss of control. In addition, the majority of his reforms were not working by the early 1960s (phs.prs.k12.nj.us/ewood., N.D) The Khrushchev’s duration of rule did not limit itself to the financial system. Where as he went on to demonstrate how changing financial requirements were mirrored in the social and political ‘superstructure’. The most remarkable aspect after the Stalin period was the reduction of scare and the majority of the labour camps were out of terror and more relaxed. Essential basics of the rule of law were reinstated, as the

Media Worldview Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Media Worldview - Assignment Example It is trust that anchors strong friendship with potential to flourish. It’s a wonderful life movie provides an alternative to trust with the view that individuals can decide to trust everyone they meet or choose fail to uphold the value. Trust in the modern setting promotes friendship similar to that narrated to George Bailey that an individual who maintains good friends rarely fail in life. The movie encourages society members to embrace the act of civil companionship as a champion of peace and protection against misery (Crowther 1). Bailey notes that $8,000 remains the primary factor that would determine his survival. He however, recalls the good relations he had created with his friends. The thought of his friends helps rescues him and he narrowly escapes death. Similar meditations are reminiscent of the contemporary society and those who believe in change escapes wraths of destructive thoughts. George way of life is a contrast to that of Mr. Potter. While Potter is a rich mean self-centered and power hungry individual, George is an honest man who capitalizes on humanity in spite of his poverty. Greediness of Mr. Potter isolates him and compels his conscious to set George up with failure. Mr. Potter finds the lost $ 8,000 money that George intended to use in salvaging Bailey Bros building. When George realizes that the Money is actually in the wrong hands, he begs for mercy but Mr. Potter does not give an audience to the demands. George finally contemplates on committing suicide but the heavenly angel rescues him. The movie portrays some important and influential characters that a society should have. Bailey acts as a savior to the world and without his presence; the town would lag in sin, insanity, corruption and death. It is evident when Mr. Potter sets up clubs and bars for drinking and committing sinful acts in the absence of Bailey. George emotions and beliefs cause him disagreement and misery in the town, as he hates immoral

The World of Text of Prophecy of Ezekiel Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

The World of Text of Prophecy of Ezekiel - Essay Example nderstanding, the reader can come to the appreciation of the fact that it is at least potentially likely that the prophecies that were at alluded to within the book of Ezekiel, specifically chapter 38, had not yet come to pass at the time that revelation itself was written by the apostle John. It is the hope of this particular student that such an exegesis will provide the reader with a more accurate and informed understanding of the overall relevance that Ezekiel 38 has to the prophetic understanding that is represented throughout the Old and New Testaments. As has been previously discussed, the large majority of topics discussed within the book of Ezekiel are predicated upon future events and prophetic understanding of the way in which the experience of the Jewish people would take place. Moreover, as this book was written during a time of exile, the focus of individuals within the era in which it was written was invariably focused upon redemption and a return to their native lands.1 Not surprisingly, the chapters preceding Ezekiel chapter 38 focus upon a discussion and analysis for why the exile had taken place, the sins of previous generations, and fact that God was actively seeking to punish those individuals who had worked against is divine laws, chapter 38 references interpretation and discussion of prophetic vision that is not contingent upon an entirely optimistic future.2 As such, chapter 38, and chapter 39 for that matter, specifically references the fact that the Jewish people will face trials and extreme hardships in the com ing years. Moreover, the memory of exile and difficulties of attempting to keep a relationship with God while amongst the heathens of Babylon is engaged in such a manner as so as to warn the reader that the excitement and jubilation for a long awaited return would not descend immediately into the type of old habits or behaviors that had in fact caused the exile to take originally take place. Yet, what has been discussed thus far

Compare the play Killed with Blue Remembered Hills Essay Example for Free

Compare the play Killed with Blue Remembered Hills Essay In this essay I will compare the two plays Killed and Blue Remembered Hills. The play Blue Remembered Hills was written by Dennis Potter, I have been studying the Samuel French LTD edition. It is set in 1943 in the south west of Britain. Killed was written by Fred Hawksley, it is set mostly in France with flash backs to Manchester. Both plays are set in war times, Blue Remembered Hills takes place in the Second World War and Killed is set in the First World War. In Blue Remembered Hills the war is a back ground to the story; it is referred to but never seen, unlike Killed where the war is what makes the story. When we acted out the play Blue Remembered Hills I played John, he is a child who is part of a gang, a lot like the 14 platoon in Killed. In both there is a strong sense of hierarchy; in Killed there is no answering back to the one in charge this being the R.S.M. and in Blue Remembered Hills the character in charge is Wallace Wilson, although ever elusive on stage he is constantly mentioned in the dialogue as no.1 in the group. The speech in Blue Remembered Hills is very naturalistic using slang to enhance the informal feel of the play. Killed uses a more formal register when someone is in the presence of the R.S.M but takes a more natural tone when Billy remembers life in Manchester. They both have similar story lines where a group of friends are forced, or accidentally kill another one of their friends. They are both tragedies because the endings are sad and a friend ends up dead. In Blue Remembered Hills war is an exciting and glorified vision in the minds of the children. In Killed Billy is executed by his own side in the First World War and shows the harsh reality of being a solder in the trenches on the front line. The two plays have very different views of war. The characters in the two plays have very different personalities, yet they resemble some of the personalities from the other, for example the R.S.M. and Peter being a kind of leader figures bossing the members of the group. Billy and Donald also show similarities as they both die and their friends play a part in their deaths. The two plays would be performed very differently, Blue Remembered Hills is very natural; running in almost real time unlike Killed which is very stylistic and happens over two years with narrated flash backs. I would show these flash backs via the flash back being acted out on stage while Billy addresses the audience not being able to interact with the flash back although he tries to. I would create a simple set for Killed maybe some seats and a table for Billys home in Manchester and some staging lined up to make the lip of the trench. For the Blue Remembered Hills set we made a barn behind a woodland scene so that the whole scene could take place without any changes to the set and used the whole stage well. For costumes I would have Billy from Killed in a First World War uniform and in Blue Remembered Hills I would try to find some clothes that could help an actor inhabit the role of a child in the 1940s. The two plays are both very interesting and conjure different visions of war, in Blue Remembered Hills the World War engulfs all lands over seas and yet the children in mainland Britain have only heard the glorified version of the war, whereas Billy in Killed believes he will become a hero but finds that war is not as heroic as he thought.

Milo Yiannopoulos and Freedom of Speech

Milo Yiannopoulos and Freedom of Speech On the first of February, Milo Yiannopoulos was supposed to be giving a planned speech at the University of California. This speech was cancelled, due to the protesters setting fires, throwing objects, and becoming violent. Milo is known for his extreme expression of his views, stating that feminism is a cancer, and also uses racially backed up language. Many are debating whether the cancellation was the right thing to do or not, considering our country is protesting freedom of speech right now, and that is exactly what they revoked from Milo. Like I said before, people are really debating whether cancelling his speech was the right thing to do or not. Although he is a very extreme person, he should have gotten the chance to express his opinion at the campus. He has had past offenses, like when he was banned from twitter for harassing Leslie Jones. He doesnt have a good track record, and his voice of opinion can get very hostile at times. Although he hasnt had a good track record for his actions, I dont believe that the actions by the college were ethical. Milo was not trying to make them believe him, or even tell them thats the way it was. Milo was simply just going to talk about his speech and then leave, but the college did not want to accept that, and got violent. I have said this before, but yes, Milos rights to free speech are indeed being violated. He has expressed his voice a little too freely in the past, but at that college all he was going to do was talk. He has been called a racist before, and a lot of people dont accept his views. That being said, he is a citizen just like all of us, and for him to be denied of a speech by a violent and vicious crowd is absurd. He should have been able to present his speech, and if people didnt like it, then they shouldnt have been there to listen to him give it. Trump had sent a tweet about the incident and basically stated that Milos freedom of speech was being violated. No matter what Milo did in the past or has been doing, he still has the right to a freedom of speech and that shouldnt be revoked because of an angry crowd. I do believe a school or business should be allowed to say who can present or give a speech at their business or campus. It was their choice to let Milo present himself there, and the school should take responsibility for what had happened at the protest. It had said that there were rocks being thrown at the police, windows being smashed, and fire being lit; all resulting in damage of $100,000. Milo was welcomed at that campus, and had no control of the type of people or happenings that would begin there. It was the campus responsibility to control the crowd, in which didnt happen; Milos speech just got cancelled which wasnt fair because it wasnt his fault. People didnt like what he had to say, but the protesters there was completely unnecessary, especially to have broken down the police barricades. If people didnt like Milo or what he was going to say; which they actually had no idea what his topic of speech would be about; they didnt have to show themselves at least not in that man ner. In conclusion, I think that Milo Yiannopoulos was extremely revoked of his freedom of speech. He wasnt doing anything wrong in my opinion, and what the college kids at the campus did was wrong in my eyes. It wasnt fair that he didnt even get to present his speech; and even though a lot of people strongly disagree with his viewpoints on touchy subjects, he should have had the chance to at least present his speech. In my opinion, I do not like the type of person that Milo is showing to everyone. He has been very disrespectful and people do have the right to freedom of expression; which is in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, BUT they didnt have to take it as extreme as they did. Doing this report has just made me realize that there are a lot of horrible people in the world, and not everyone can be happy. The people at the campus were mostly protesters, and I agree that they do have the right to be upset at Milo. That being said, everyone has the right to freedom of speech, eve n the worst of people. Milo Yiannopoulos did state that he would be coming back to the campus, but he should have had the right to present his speech at that campus on the day he wanted; in my opinion.

Drug And Alcohol Impact On Child Development

Drug And Alcohol Impact On Child Development The impact of parental drug and alcohol misuse seriously effects child development. The negative effects of substance abuse begin during the pregnancy and continue through childhood. Groundbreaking research on this subject was published in the Hidden Harm Report. Estimates show that in the United Kingdom today there are almost 1.3 million children living with an alcoholic parent. That is one is every eleven children. Furthermore up to 350,000 children in the United Kingdom have at least one parent who suffers from a serious drug addiction. Many of these children are hiding their problems, living in fear and without support. The dangers of prenatal alcohol and drug exposure are widely publicised due to the particularly damaging effects that heavy drinking and substance abuse can cause to a childs cognitive development. When a woman becomes pregnant, it is very important for her to lead a healthy life. It is essential for her own health and the health of her unborn baby that she eats plenty of nourishing food, gets plenty of rest, and exercises regularly. It is vitally important that she avoids anything that might harm her or her baby. Therefore, it is especially important to give up alcohol, cigarettes, and drugs. For a pregnant woman, drug abuse is dangerous in two ways. Firstly, drugs may harm her own health and interfere with her ability to support the pregnancy. Secondly, some drugs can directly impair prenatal development. Drugs can cause an increased chance of early delivery or miscarriage, sudden bleeding and the inability to recognise or cope with normal changes throughout the pregnancy. When the baby is born withdrawal symptoms may result in a longer hospital stay and the involvement of social services. Drugs can affect babies in many ways. The most common are; low birth weight and slower growth and development. However, the affects of drugs on the baby during the pregnancy can also cause heart problems and defects of the face and body. Another fact to consider is that; when a pregnant woman drinks, so does her baby. Alcohol can cause serious problems for an unborn baby that can affect their entire life. The baby can be born with foetal alcohol syndrome which can cause it to be underweight, grow slower and have birth defects. The baby may have a smaller brain and suffer with a lower I.Q. Alcohol can also be passed along to a baby through breast milk. A study published in the March 2004 issue of Alcoholism: Clinical Experimental Research explained how light to moderate drinking during pregnancy may interfere with learning and memory during adolescence. Assistant professor of psychiatry at the University of Pittsburghs School of Medicine, Jennifer Willford explains that; We have known for a long time that drinking heavily during pregnancy could lead to major impairments in growth, behaviour, and cognitive function in children. This paper clearly shows that even small amounts of alcohol during pregnancy can have a significant impact on child development. The damaging effects of tobacco on an unborn child cannot be underestimated. Smoking during pregnancy causes the risk of miscarriage or premature labour to dramatically increase. The primary danger is delayed foetal growth. Nicotine depresses the appetite at a time when a woman should be gaining weight. Smoking reduces the ability of the lungs to absorb oxygen. Therefore the foetus is deprived of sufficient nourishment and oxygen. As a result the baby may not grow as fast or as much as it should. The NHS acknowledges the risks of smoking to the unborn baby and has recently set up the NHS Pregnancy and Smoking Helpline. It offers advice on how to quit and a free DVD to highlight the damaging effects. On average, babies born to women who smoked during pregnancy are significantly smaller than those born to women who did not smoke. Low birth weight is one of the main effects of smoking when pregnant. This can cause increased chance of infant illness, disability and stillbirth. Smoking in pregnancy also greatly increases the risk of cot death in babies. Statistics from the award winning Baby Centre Newsletter suggested that; This risk is four times higher if you smoke between 1 and 9 cigarettes a day during pregnancy, rising to eight times higher if you smoke 20 cigarettes or more daily. Therefore it is clear that it is especially important for a pregnant woman to give up alcohol, cigarettes, and drugs. Using alcohol and other drugs carry major risks. Alcohol and drugs impair your judgement, making you more likely to hurt yourself or others. Familial alcoholism can affect all areas of a childs life, from school life through to behavioural problems and compulsive disorders. Some children go through life without support because they may not experience obvious forms of abuse. However, they do suffer from neglect or a chronic lack of the little things, which are so crucial to the wellbeing of us all. This is a result of their parents drinking and the effects it has on their state of mind and body. From moment you take your first sip, alcohol starts affecting your body and mind. After one or two drinks you may start feeling more sociable and outgoing. In contrast by drinking too much basic human functions, such as walking and talking become much harder. Effects can also include behaving out of character and saying things you do not mean. This uncertainty will frighten and unsettle the ch ildren of parents who suffer from alcohol misuse. Children will fear the way their parents speak and act when they have been drinking or using drugs. With little control over what they say parents may verbalize things which they normally would not. This can be hurtful and cruel to children or even embarrassing when outside of the home environment. The uncertainty can cause upset in the young persons life, which can affect their schooling. Children can be distracted from their lessons as they think of what might be happening or waiting for them at home. At home many of these children are left to care for themselves while others are forced to look after their parents and siblings. Consequently, it may become the childs role and responsibility to look after the family, cook dinner and get their younger brothers or sisters ready for school. The Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs conducted a survey which discovered that many of these children out of shame or fear, or simply because they are too young, rarely speak out about their experiences and can become isolated and excluded. Dr Laurence Gruer, chairman of the ACMD Prevention Working Group, said: From birth onwards their parents drug problems can endanger their health in many ways and cause a great deal of emotional and psychological damage that often goes unnoticed. Today in Scotland there is a range of government drug strategies and initiatives for helping these vulnerable children. Parents with serious drug and alcohol problems should not be frightened away by these services. They should feel that they can come forward and get help without encountering more trouble. The aim of many services is to keep children with their parents wherever it is safe to do so by combining treatment for the parents and support for the child. The risk of harm to children can be reduced by effective treatment and support for the addicted parents. Home Office Minister Bob Ainsworth said the Government had already invested  £1.2 billion to tackle the drug culture and would be spending  £1.5 billion by 2006. Ainsworth said; We agree it is essential for adult drug services, childrens services, indeed all local providers to approach the problem holistically. Only by reducing their numbers can we reduce the amount of children that have to suffer the consequences of growing up in an environment wrecked by drugs. Parental drug and alcohol misuse has been identified as a serious problem in the United Kingdom. The impact of parental drug and alcohol misuse on a childs life in immeasurable. Therefore, it is the governments responsibility to reduce the negative impact on the childs life and offer as much support as possible. In addition users often experience trouble with the law, poor performance at work or school and relationship troubles. As a result, many children are exposed to rage, violence and abuse on a daily basis. This becomes part of the unpredictable and inconsistent environment in which they live. Police statists show that between 60% and 80% of all violent crime is alcohol related. Interestingly, a recent survey conducted by Alcohol Concern and Police Review showed that 70% of police officers viewed alcohol as causing them greater problems than drug misuse. Research which supports this view reveals that, domestic violence is six times more common when parents suffer from alcoholism. As a result, children of drug and alcohol users often express feelings of hurt, rejection, shame and anger. More worryingly they are forced to live with the anxiety that these feelings create, often without any support. Lord Victor Adebowale, chief executive of social care charity Turning Point, said: Its time that we started listening to the silent survivors of drug misuse. We cannot afford to continue to ignore the 350,000 children in the UK who are harmed by their parents drug problems. In violent situations such as these the child often feels a sense of guilt. They may see themselves as the main cause of their parents drink or drug abuse. The child may feel constantly anxious about the situation at home. They often fear the parent will become sick or injured or that the substance abuse will cause an increased level of fights and violence between the parents. Embarrassment is often another common feeling of children living with parents who suffer from alcohol or drug misuse. Parents may give the message that there is a terrible secret at home. The child may feel ashamed by their parents and the lifestyle they live. If the parents experience trouble with the law for the ways in which they fund their habit the child may feel lonely. This is due to the childs inability to have close relationships. As a result of the child being disappointed by the parent they are often unable to trust others. The ashamed child does not invite friends home and is afraid to ask anyone fo r help. The alcoholic parent will change suddenly from being affectionate to angry, regardless of the childs behaviour. A daily routine, which is very important for a child, does not exist because bedtimes and mealtimes are constantly changing. This creates uncertainty in the childs life and can be the cause of misbehaviour as the child acts out for attention. Alcohol and drugs also have specific health risks: they can damage major organs, increase your risk of cancers, and even cause death. This is a constant worry for children as they fear for the welfare of their parents. This can cause children to suffer from Psychologist John Bowlby Theory of Attachment. Bowlby believed that the earliest bonds formed by children with their parents have a tremendous impact that continues throughout life. One of the characteristics of The Theory of Attachment is Separation Distress. This is when a child is separated from the caregiver and becomes upset and distressed. They fear for the security and safety of their parents when they are not around to provide care. In addition children can suffer from Avoidant Attachment. This is when children will avoid going home or seeing their parents. These children will show no preference between a caregiver and a complete stranger. Research shows that this attachment style might be a result of abusive or neglectful parents. The effects of parental drug and alcohol misuse can seriously affect a childs life. The impact of living in such an environment lasts right through childhood and affects all areas of their life. Whilst harm from parental substance use is not inevitable, the number of children living with substance misusing parents has increased in recent years. The only way to decrease the figure is to lower the number of people abusing drugs and alcohol in society. The widespread pattern of binge drinking and recreational drug use exposes children to sub-optimal care and substance-using role models. Children of alcoholics are four times more likely than other children to become alcoholics in later life. Therefore, the effects of parental drug and alcohol misuse last throughout the childs life and into adulthood. Preventative efforts have been introduced to discourage children from following in the same footsteps as their parents. Education is provided at school, for all children and adolescents, on the damaging effects of drugs and alcohol. Children should be given direct access to support services so that they are not facing the problems of a chaotic and unstable home alone. The education of those who work with children is also vital. Teachers and other service providers should be trained to spot signs of children living with alcohol or drug addicted parents. This would allow extra support to be provided in the education of the child and their emotional wellbeing. Due to impairment caused by being intoxicated, alcohol and drug abuse frequently lead to child neglect and an increase in Domestic violence. Witnessing domestic violence in the home, as well as living in the chaos and instability caused by intoxication, is emotional abuse to a child. Frequently domestic violence will make the child fear that the situation could escalate into physical violence against them. Many physically abusive parents insist that their actions are simply forms of discipline or ways to make childr en learn to behave. However, there is a big difference between giving an unruly child a tap on the wrist and twisting the childs arm until it breaks. Physical abuse can include striking, burning, shaking or pushing a child. Another form of child abuse which involves babies is known as shaken baby syndrome. This is when a parent shakes a baby roughly to make the baby stop crying, causing brain damage or in extreme cases even death. Warning signs for teacher can be unexplained bruises or cuts. Other signs can be more subtle such as fearful and shy child who does not want to go home. If people outside of the home environment fail to spot and report these signs, many children go through life dealing with these problems alone. However, it is important for people from outside agencies to realise that not every child who lives with a drug or alcohol dependent parent will suffer physical or emotional abuse. In many cases the impact will be constant lack of the little things, which are so cr ucial to the wellbeing of us all. The impact of parental drug and alcohol misuse seriously effects child development. The negative effects of substance abuse begin during the pregnancy and continue through childhood. The impact of living in an environment with drug or alcohol dependant parents can impact a childs life from birth straight through to adulthood. Groundbreaking research on this subject has been published in many reports. The most recent has been the Hidden Harm Report. Estimates show that in the United Kingdom today there are almost 1.3 million children living with an alcoholic parent. That is one is every eleven children. Furthermore the report shows that up to 350,000 children in the United Kingdom have at least one parent who suffers from a serious drug addiction. Many of these children are hiding their problems, living in fear and without support. This shows that parental drugs and alcohol misuse is a serious problem in the United Kingdom. Parental drug and alcohol misuse impacts on a childs growth, education, health and development.

Euthanasia Essay examples -- essays research papers

Euthanasia & Assisted Suicide â€Å"To be or not to be† Problem: Life is a precious gift containing a wide spectrum of emotions and experiences that make it so sacred. Emotions and experiences are intertwined and are the substance of ones existence. Yet when the pain outweighs the joy of life one begins questioning whether or not to endure. â€Å"To be or not to be† an extremely difficult question, a query that resides souly in desperation a place of pain and darkness. What brings a person to even consider such an act? What is up ahead or around this individual that feeds the need to bail out? It seems that perpetual pain or loss of ones control are both common reasons for this escape. Euthanasia and assisted suicide have both been topics contemplated throughout the history of human civilization. Whether or not one has the right to take their own life and further more get aid in doing so. â€Å"Euthanasia can be traced as far back as to the ancient Greek and Roman civilization where it was allowed to help others die†(Encarta 98). Thi s practice has followed us through the years and has been rejected accepted and considered throughout the globe. â€Å" In the United States the first doctor was charged for performing euthanasia in 1935. Harold Blazer was charged for the death of his daughter a victim of spinal meningitis. After caring for her for thirty years, he placed a rag of chloroform over her face until she died, he was acquitted from charges† (www.angelfire.com/al/jefspage). â€Å"In Holland euthanasia and assisted suicide are both crimes punishable with 12 years in prison, yet it has been a common practice (3,600 cases in 1995 alone) for nearly a decade. These laws are rarely enforced providing physicians follow official guidelines† (Time.com). Currently in the United States controversy swarms on weather or not to allow euthanasia and assisted suicide. †Marian Fredrick stricken with Lou Gehrig’s disease, felt her muscles degenerate to the point where she could no longer hold her head up, or speak. Marian then decided to end her life seeking out Dr. Kevorkian, who helped her find a final peace†(Proposal B). Should we allow a person who is terminally ill, in constant pain, and on the verge of losing control, the right and the privilege to escape from their fading shell? Should they have the â€Å"right† to seek aid and consolation in this important decision? Absolutely, why shou... ...nd taken by God. The meek and uninformed would see the bill as a loss of control and a potential area of abuse. These groups would most likely unite to push agents the bill with a counter â€Å"Right to live† campaign, using the media as well as pushing the populists’ religious and apprehensious pressure points. Pressure on politicians is another poetical threat that the large religious community would exercise, against peoples freedom to chose their own end. Others belief’s should not infringe on the decision concerning ones self, these individuals are free not to participate or believe in this practice, yet to cause another to suffer at their expense is truly unjust. Efforts would have to be increased as a result at better informing the public help people evaluate â€Å"others belief over ones freedom†. Another potential problem is the abuse of this practice, where individuals would be taken advantage of by a devious doctor. The involvement of the st ate with procedures, monitors, and checks would play a important role in reducing if not eliminating abuse. Problems are to be expected, in almost any instance concerning the mass public, yet hopefully the majority can make the right decision.

Deforestation Resulting from European Shipbuilding :: Environment Environmental Pollution Preservation

Deforestation Resulting from European Shipbuilding Historical texts have documented the countless technologies, ideas, diseases, plants and animals the European ships delivered around the world during the Age of Exploration. However, these texts fail to include one key cargo item: deforestation. European shipbuilding triggered an epidemic of forest depletion that gradually spread to the lands they encountered. Beginning in the early fourteenth century, wood fueled the increased production of exploratory sea vessels. The loss of trees coincided with the rapid rate of shipbuilding. Eventually, Europeans exploited their timber reserves to such an extreme that they began looking elsewhere for wood, including colonies in North America and Southeast Asia. With newfound resources, the European shipbuilding machine churned on, yet before long deforestation also became an issue in the colonial areas. Although shipbuilding played an integral role in a period of European advancement, it devastated not only the European environment but the fores ts of other continents as well. Prior to the Age of Exploration, hardwood trees blanketed all of Europe to form a forest
giOB47;comparable in size to the Amazon Basin† (David Morse). Forest density was intense, such that â€Å"scattered clearings must have appeared like islets in an ocean of green† (Morse). Nevertheless, as humans discovered the value of wood as fuel for warmth, deforestation followed close behind. The progression of human technologies presented more uses for timber. Eventually, wood became a staple in a wide range of manufacturing processes, among them shipbuilding. The production of sea vessels put extreme pressure on the oldest and largest trees in European forests; the massive tree trunks that were years in the making were also the best suited for the immense hulls of open sea ships. For every ship built, the environment lost some of its oldest flora members, who were unfortunately also the hardest to replace. Shipbuilding was also closely intertwined with another forest consuming industry: metallurgy, especially iron production. Iron comprised the weaponry and structural support aboard many sea vessels. Because the production of iron required high temperatures, the demand for firewood grew to almost insatiable proportions. Thus, the amount of timber invested in shipbuilding included more than just the lumber for the hulls. As David Morse points out, the trend in metallurgy history dictated that â€Å"wherever ironmaking took over . . . it did away with the forest† (Morse). In effect, shipbuilding and its association with iron production impacted the forest landscape two-fold.

David Malouf explores the emotional and physical struggle Essay

David Malouf explores the emotional and physical struggle a hero must face before attaining glory. Evaluate this statement. In your response discuss how two characters are represented as heroic through their quest. Heroism is a valued concept that has transcended through time and has been the subject of a great deal of literature. David Malouf’s appropriation of Homers epic The Iliad explores this notion of heroism through the characterization of King Priam, directly battling the contextual hero of the time, Achilles. Through descriptive language and stylistic conventions, Malouf showcases that it is the emotional and physical struggle that a man must face to ultimately attain glory, thus becoming a hero. This statement is epitomized through the contrasting protagonists Priam and Achilles, who are both sequentially transformed through their metaphysical journey. Malouf has deliberately structured his text in separate books, to take the readers on a journey, mapping their path to glory whilst teaching us the importance of the ordinary hero. Classically, a hero demonstrates qualities of endurance, bravery and physical prowess, epitomized by Achilles at the start of the novel. Malouf initially celebrates Achilles as a hero, being â€Å"blessed† by the Gods with supernatural abilities and a â€Å"brooding presence†, which intimidates the entire Trojan army. However, while Achilles’s training and apparent destiny is to attain glory and die â€Å"a hero’s death†, Malouf soon reveals his dissatisfaction and emotional struggle with his current disposition. In the context of Patroclus’s death and loss of family Achilles’s thumos overwhelms him, this grief accentuated through the repetition of â€Å"wept†. His killing of Hector sets his spirit â€Å"off on its own downward path† a metaphor portraying the similar downward path he experiences at this part of his journey. This search for salvation leads him to drag the body of Hector around the walls of Troy, juxtaposing his former honour, â€Å"He is their leader, but he breaks daily every rule they have been taught to live by†. Malouf manifests the struggle of Achilles and portrays his negative spiritual journey through the exploration of dark imagery, articulating upon his soul’s â€Å"corruption†, surrender to a â€Å"darker agency† and being caught in a metaphorical â€Å"clogging grey web†. Although Achilles can be considered a hero, these human traits highlight his flaws leading to a metaphysical struggle within himself, which gives Malouf scope to further develop his journey of self-discovery. This journey of struggle takes him from a grief stricken avenger to compassionate father/man/hero. Achilles is a lost hero at the end of book 1â€Å"waiting for the break†, waiting for â€Å"something† to â€Å"Break the spell† that is on him. Within Book 4 Malouf delivers Achilles’s salvation in the form of King Priam. It is here Priam implements a metaphysical journey upon Achilles, forcing him to look inward from the fatherly figures point of view, his regret captured through the metaphor â€Å"a great wave of sadness† passed by. Malouf depicts Achilles’s transformation through the imagery of â€Å"the ice cracks†, conveying the mutual understanding shared, as Achilles accepts Hector’s â€Å"honorable death† for the first time. Achilles learns a compassion for the enemy, clearing his â€Å"heart of the smoky poison† and continuing the water motif with â€Å"a cleansing emotion†¦flooded through† leaving behind his guilt and struggle. Malouf epitomizes the transformation through describing Achilles with a â€Å"lightness† which is in direct juxtaposition of the earlier dark imagery. It is clear that Achilles has been forever enlightened by Priam’s appeal, finding a â€Å"balance† between his conflicting dual nature. Malouf ends this quest as Achilles regains his warrior status and developed the absent qualities of integrity, compassion and honour â€Å"in the very breath of the gods, of the true Achilles, the one he has come all this way to find†. This quote further integrates the epic convention of the god’s intervention, undermining Iris’s initial â€Å"concept of chance† developing the theme of destiny. Through changing the perspective of the book from Achilles to Priam, Malouf is able to encapsulate the quest and transformation from king to man. Hector’s death acts as a catalyst, sparking the old king to leave his golden cage. In this claustrophobic setting, Priam instinctively feels denied true companionship with his fellow man. This is amplified through the shallowness of the relationship he and his son shared, which is felt all the more acutely in the context of Hector’s death. Priam, through an epiphany brought upon by the gods decides to break free, envisioning â€Å"himself †¦ dressed in a plain white robe without ornament† into Archilles camp to ransom the and bring home the body of his son. This vision has elements of the heroic, in risking his life, and undertaking what has â€Å"never been done before† in the annals of Troy. When convincing his family of the proposition to ransom Hector, Priam’s argument is reinforced through the repetition of â€Å"I believe†. It is Priam’s journey that transforms his life from the artificial â€Å"kingly sphere† to one attaining real feelings and emotion. Books 2 and 3 change the perspective from Achilles to Priam, where Malouf encapsulates Priam’s quest from king to man. Hector’s death acts as a catalyst, sparking Priam to transform from his passive and â€Å"symbolic† role of king to a man feeling â€Å"bold† and â€Å"defiant†. Tiring of his life of isolation, Priam’s epiphany of â€Å"himself †¦ dressed in a plain white robe without ornament† heading into Archilles camp to ransom the body of his son is heroic. It challenges all convention, contains high ideals and involves risk of life, a quest of glory. Priam must first struggle with his wife, then his children and councilors â€Å"you expect that jackal†¦ to be moved by this touching pantomine? † rhetorical questioning emphasizing yet again the constraints of his kingly realm. The introduction of Somax as the metaphor of the ordinary man allows Priam to reconnect with basic values such as â€Å"interest† and â€Å"curiosity†. This relationship is an essential part of Priam’s journey, as he gains an understanding of the â€Å"outside world† developing into a real man and father. Malouf uses simile and irony when comparing Priam to a â€Å"toddler† as he is the king yet Somax is the adult in the relationship. By making Priam the child, Malouf demon`strates how far Priam must travel in his journey of self-discovery. Within book 4 the climax of Priam’s journey takes place, as he confronts the murderer of his son. From the very moment he enters the Greek camp the gods clearly support Priam, as the portal gate was moved by some â€Å"invisible agency†. This epic convention is further developed by Malouf as Priam’s sudden ability to speak well becomes a strength â€Å"Would your father†¦not do the same for you? † appealing to Achilles’s humanity through rhetorical questioning. Here Priam’s physical and emotional strength shines through, as the final product of his heroic quest has been developed â€Å"I have come to you†¦man to man†¦for the body of my son† epitomizing his newfound endurance, bravery and compassion. Through the mutual bond of fatherhood the reader observes Priam’s transformation from a â€Å"child† to a man able to leave the great Achilles begging â€Å"No more! Please! † Malouf takes Priam on an emotional and physical struggle, who ultimately attains glory through reducing himself into the ordinary man â€Å"the I is different†¦I come as a man of sorrow†¦ but also as a hero of a deed that†¦ was never attempted. † that he himself can recognize through successfully ransoming the body of his son Hector. Priam exemplifies humility when meeting Achilles, using the strength from the gods to aid him on his noble pursuit. Now Priam must struggle with not just his emotions: he must remain strong against the physical fear of losing his life. He makes his appeal and â€Å"closes his eyes. Now he thinks, now they will strike†. Here Priam’s physical and emotional strength shines through. He is an old man, he has traveled far, he faces death at the hands of the ultimate warrior. He has braved these physical challenges while keeping a cool nerve and winning Achilles over with his simple manly dignity. Q1 Hero heroic journey Heroic qualities, how they are highlighted Literary techniques Language in an evocative manner Simple/Direct Shifts in point of view Clear images of characters Structure chronologically Malouf remains faithful to Homers Book 24 through allowing the gods to intervene in the affairs of human undermining the god Iris, showcasing that the concept of â€Å"chance† was Achilles could never have dreamt that the special something would come to him in the form of plainly dressed King Priam, Malouf is clearly faithful to Homers book 24, drawing upon similar epic conventions when delving into Priam’s quest of self-discovery, implementing the feeble old king to effectively challenge the depiction of heroes. Malouf is clearly faithful to Homers book 24, drawing upon similar epic conventions when delving into Priam’s quest for glory, effectively challenging the depiction of heroes. The idea of glory is explored in depth in the novel Ransom. It is clear from the novel that the concept of â€Å"attaining glory† is subjective. Glory could be a high level of reknown peers, or in the case of Priam and Achilles achieving honour that they themselves can recognize.

Amandla Essay

These struggles are depicted through melody. Upon throw out research, I discovered Amandla is a Nguni banter meaning power. Amandla was produced by Sherry Simpson Dean and lee side Hirsch. The have is shown in chronological order, and withal augmented with archival footage from historical events. Blacks in sec Africa were denied many basic human race rights while the world ignored.In 1948, the Afrikaner Nationalist arose, and during the 1950s, apartheid policies were being implemented. Black southerly Africans were taken from their homes and forced to cognise in townships, where they had to carry passbooks, were meaninglessly tortured and killight-emitting diode, and as well as could be arrested for no reason at all. Although their license was inhibited, they expressed their pain through numbers. Currently, contempt the lingering problems within South Africa, blacks and whites live amongst each other.The movie pays great lawcourt to the songs of protest that halted Ap artheid. Amandla begins with Prime Minister Verwoerd declaring racial segregation in 1948. It is said to be a policy of good-neighborliness. Vuyisile Mini, a composer whos creation of protest songs eventually led to his hanging, is also being exhumed from his grave. Scenes from the Sharpeville Massacre, the Soweto uprising, and Nelson Mandelas joyful election to the office of President in 1994 are all depicted in great detail. Mini is given a proper burial at the send away of the film.The film explains how the songs touched people diametric from speeches or demonstrations. Different stages of the struggle for equality brought upon different songs. For example, Minis song Beware Vorwoerd and Vilakazis Meadowlands. These songs, and many others, showed how bustling the South African people were somewhat their cause, and also was a symbol of the pushing they had in completing their mission. Although music is a major aspect of the film, the interviews with those who had first-h and experience to the events. galore(postnominal) (like Abdullah Ibrahim, Hugh Masekela, and Miriam Makeba) were sent to prison or exiled. They mouth in great detail of how wishful they were and how hurtful it was not to be fitting to buffet to South Africa. White natural law officers and executioners are even interviewed. The climax of the film is Nelson Mandelas release from prison with thousands of people happily singing and cheering his return from prison. He is eventually elected to hot seat of South Africa.Although South Africa has much shape ahead of it, it has progressed. People are fight against crime, corruption, poverty and AIDS. Amandla is a great financial statement to the past and gives inspiring hope towards the prox of South Africa. It captured moments in history, while gloss over explaining the present problems that exist, including the process of rapprochement. This film also does a good job of explaining that music has, and always will, play an importan t fictional character in the complicated history of South Africa.

Helth and Saftey Childcare Assignment Essay

in that location be galore(postnominal) statute laws that influence healthy, gumshoe and fixate milieu for early long time st historic period backdrops. The Heath and asylum (young persons) Regulations 1997 states that Employers need to comp in whollyowe beget chances assessments for mountain under 18 years of epoch. (Thornes 2008 pg84) It to a fault states that if some(prenominal) hazards ar the setting, past apply them training that the student, trainee or school visualize people may nee to do with that particular hazard. A nonher legislation is wellness and Safety at ladder suffice 1974. This legislation is the one that provides general instruction ab unwrap solely this health and gumshoe and workers must adjudge policies and procedures interpreting how the health and natural rubber pass on be ensured and thus follow these policies and procedures. Control of Substances Hazardous to wellness Regulations (COSHH) 1994 is alike part of the legislat ion for a healthy, near and restore surround and states that a hazard assessment should be do on hazards and profess sure to descent appropriate as the COSHH regulations argon. Reporting injuries diseases and tremendous occurrences Regulations (RIDDOR) 1995.E2 tie the producers which exit sustentation a peasant safe for each shot, affelectroconvulsive therapyion or emergency.There are some procedures which keep sisterren safe for each accident, disease or emergency and each tyke financial aid setting go a means capture extrusion for disorder policy. In my setting the excision policy states that either kidskinren should be excluded if they turn step to the fore an unsoundness until rec everyplaceed to prevent both one else in the setting acquiring infected. Any illness or accident will be come ined in the accident book and they do this in my work organisation by piece of music down whole the details of the accomp alling or emergency. The s nonplusrs medical pillup book of accounts must be checked, and where appropriate acted upon and and so parents/guardians will be contacted to pick up their sister. If parents/guardians are non reached, the minors emergency contacts will be reverberate up. In my work protrudement all ply follow this by carrying it out the correct route.Afterwards the child should be unfalteringly checked to pick up if any think is more serious. One record copy of the child will be light uponn to the doctors to derive sure provide deal withany recorded conditions and then(prenominal) the stave at the setting preempt keep a record of it and keep in contact with parents/guardians. Every child veneration setting will keep a record of the childs symptoms and the actions invariable checks on the child and each sentence the action was taken. The staffs at my work placement setting al personal manners have copies if an accident or accident happens and concord regular checks which they keep an up to date record of the child. On discovering a squeeze out or alarm sound, the room leader should then gather the register, visitor book and greenho workout contact gos.Nursery stuff will halter tug the children out the setting by evacuating the be from the nearest fire doors. Once left building all staff and children line up at the assemble point and when lined up the room leader checks register to check all children are present. Afterwards the staff and children must not return to the building until the building has been declared safe by the fire brigade. Once this has been do, the children and staff potty return back to the setting safely. An simulation of an illness would be vomiting or diarrhoea. An character of an accident would be a child bumping his/her head. An example of an emergency would be a fire.E3 Plan the appropriate parcel out of a child aged 1 for a full day in the setting.E4 Plan the appropriate billing of a child aged 3 years for a full day in the setting.E5 Describe the places that affect the planning of a challenging milieu for children.There are many furnishs that affect the planning of a challenging milieu for children. The first come on later part be identifying childrens unavoidably as this hobo stop the practician from being able to meet their require in planning the challenging environment for them to be able to carry in, convey and take risks. The second end terminate be equipment is it safe and suitable because this is merry for the children to be able to have in a challenging environment and age staged appropriate equipment.The third issue that affects the planning of a challenging environment may be the size or layout of the area. The Forth issue freighternister be environmental factors such(prenominal) astemperature, precaution, ect It will have an piece on how effective the challenging environment is. The one-fifth issue can be that is thither supervision and enough of it. The sixth issu e that affects the planning of a challenging environment maybe type of setting. The seventh issue could be consulting children as is it developmentally appropriate.E6 Describe the gaps which influence the homework of challenging environments for children. + C1 pronounce how two initiatives contribute to the provision of an change environment for children.A national initiative which influences the provision of challenging environments for children is Swedish take aim as they apply the Forest breedingal action approach. This national initiative influences provisions because children are learning in a dissimilar environment which has more outdoor and visible development on the children. They aim to let children seek and show stuff in the woods and forest such as everyday products from wood. a unique panache of working with young people in a woodland setting, alleviateing them to light upon abject practicable tasks, learning roughly fire base hit, woodland swayment et c.It complements the Early Years curriculum in particular but overly lasts the 5-16 curriculum. disaffect children, those with emotional or behavioral difficulties or exhibiting challenging behavior are all seen to benefit and can be cancelled around by the Forest instruct experience. Forest School particularly suits the kinaesthetic learner (those that learn by doing) who fails to light upon in a formal work setting. These children are immediately engaged in the tasks set as they suit their way of learning. (http//www.infomat.net/infomat/rd741/rd1/database/Forest_Education/index.asp)A topical anesthetic initiative which influences the provision of challenging environments for children is Montessori such as The talk day Nursery in Burnham. This local initiative influences provisions because children learn separately through tasks to meet their skill for their age without a long-term disadvantage in their gross motor skills (Thornes 2008 pg250) They aim to make children do many activities which involve the children to use theirhands. The Montessori approach is use in my underway setting Oratory Day share Nursery by having set activities for the children to take in from then let children do the natural action whilst the practicians observe and only interacts in the activity to give guidance. This approach excessively say that First genteelness of the feels, then education of the intellect. (Thornes 2008 pg250).E7 Explain the importance of helping children to repugn risk and challenge in their environment.It is meaning(a) for children to be helped to learn to assess and manage risk and challenge. It will be prerequisite for the bountiful to teach the child the skills he/she will need to learn nearly assessing and managing risk and challenge. The child can also learn to understand consequences of the challenge and risk themselves. It also teaches them, limits and binderies that they can take with them end-to-end their everyday life. Most s ubstantially it teaches to win in their education by underdeveloped and doing these challenges and risks with the adults help. In my placement I have seen this happen by practitioners allowing for the children to explore the tend for themselves and one girl was surfaceing up the little hill for the first time and slipped and knock off over.This was a challenge for her because she had to get up to the top and her risk was that she fell but next time she will climb up the hill, she would accredit the risk and what may happen next time. all(prenominal) children both need and want to take risk in order to explore limits, venture into new experiences and develop their capacities from a very young age and from their earliest profligacy experiences. Children would never learn to walk, climb stairs or ride a bicycle un slight they were strong motivated to act o challenges involving risk of injuries. (www.freeplaynetwork.org.uk/ bump/manage.htm)E8 draw an understanding of diversi ty and inclusive practice. miscellany and inclusive practise need to be understood and carried out in every child boot setting. Therefore each practitioner should remember to treat every child and their families fairly without discrimination. This canbe through by for example letting all children join in an activity and not saying they cant play because of their colour, size, shape, disability, ability in activity. They should also not stereotype both the children and families that they work with. By doing this, practitioners can meet each childs ineluctably as an case-by-case and are allowing for the rights of the children and their families to take place. Childcare workers are very influential in the furtherance of childrens attitude and values. Children will take their cue from adult responses and reactions. Because of their powerful role, it is closely-valuable that staff take issues of equality naughtily and do not ignore them. (Thornes 2008 pg93)In my current setting Ora tory Day Nursery, all staff carrying out and understand diversity and inclusive practice by spare-time activity the equal opportunities policy and enable that each child gets the chance to develop, learn and play as an individual in the setting with the right to be hear and valued. D1 Explain how legislation can aver strategies to indicate and asseverate healthy, safe and mend environments in early years settings. There are many slipway that legislation can make strategies to establish and maintain healthy, safe and secure environment in early years settings. The most important affair that supports a healthy, safe and secure environment is having policies and procedures as this will help everyone in the setting to keep to the kindred rules. Having CRB checks will also support a healthy, safe and secure environment because they help protect the setting from any vunarble adults.another(prenominal) thing will be regular body inspections to ensure the setting is following the p olicies and procedures and working to the right standards but also to see if anything may need progress into split up or is not well practise. Staff ratios can support strategies to establish and maintain healthy, safe and secure environment as without having the right staff the setting shouldnt open. Training for many various things such as fire procedures will allow you to be able to personate your knowledge and practise into your own work to keep everyone safe and secure in the setting. Having the right/appropriate resources is another way to establish and maintain healthy, safe and secure environment. The last thing would be you the practitioner yourself as you are the person who will enforce that all these legislations are done to protect the children, parents, staff and other professionals as well the setting.D2 Explain how establishing a safe environment can support the procedures needed for accidents, illness and emergencies.Establishing a safe environment, should suppo rt the procedures necessary for accidents, illnesses and emergencies. Accidents, illnesses and emergencies cannot be totally sure or happen through a risk or harm in an event. Many accidents occur in a work place and the main victim is a child. This is due to risks of injury and illness through lack of cleanliness, another insane child in the group, etc Injuries in a group can occur from the children not bringing adequate protection and not using the equipment the correct way. It can also be due to the work place itself because their many be mislabelled equipment, unsafe condition, wrong or abject equipment.However the accidents and illness can be due to the adult because he/she may have trial to follow the procedures, lack of tanning or worker error. Therefore all this necessarily to be followed the correct way in order to prevent any of this happening. It can be done by reservation sure everyone in the setting implements and understands the policies such as Health and Saf ety clear act 1974 or RIDDOR and procedure of the setting, make sure all illnesses and emergency are written, carry out risk assessments regularly, pay off the equipment, throw away any broken or faulty equipment,, looking by and by childrens hygiene and insure the children know the rules. This will then creat and establish a safe environment which is safe and less of a risk for everyone in the setting.B1 enumerate possible ways to maintain the safety and hiding of children and to respect their wishes.Ensuring a safe environment that allows children to have safety and privacy with respecting their wishes can be done in many possible ways. One example can be going to the stack as this can make the child feel uncomfortable to go in front of his/her friends and having small toilets with cubicles will make them feel safe and give them privacy. The practitioner however should check to see if at that place is anything that can put the child at danger when going to the toilet such a s chemical produces.When doing all this it allowsthe staff in the setting to see over the chid and maintain the safety. In my setting I have seen this happen because when a child goes to the toilet there are small cubicles that adults can see child at any time and keep the safety and privacy that is recurred in any childcare setting. other example can be when protecting the child such as childs welfare. This would mean having all practitioners, other professionals, parents and students to be aware that they most not discuss any thing that is not relevant to others and keep any paper work confidential. I have seen practitioners in my setting maintain the safety and privacy of children and respect their wish by listening to them, valuing them as an individual, following the policies on safety, Every Child Matters and the CACHE Statements of determine to best practise.A Discuss the effect on practitioners of meeting the care involve of children.There are many ways of how and why pra ctitioners may be stirred when meeting the care need of children and the support available. Practitioners may feel un quick to see a child leave after a long time of care for them, grief if child in care dies or is faultyly injured, feel ugly if they do not get on with a child or the child is not progressing and have a sense of failure. They may also feel foreboding when having to tell a parent bad news or anxiety when a child has to have the social care services involved with them. There can be support given for all these things that a practitioner may be affected by to meet the care needs of children. One way can be by leading the practitioner the right way. Local education governing can also give support by helping the setting out and working with them to help and develop the child at the best interest to. Another way can be by getting advice from support advisors.The last way they can be supported is by other colleagues and work together to amend the outcome and met the c are of the Childs needs more effectively. This will whence firmness in making the child feel happy and enjoy activities or coming to the setting. It will also make child want to work with the practitioner and gain a better relationship. It can not only have an result on the children but also on the practitioner themselves because will feel happy or overwhelmed they are able to work with the child to meet their care needs and then have a betterpositive communicating relationship with parents roughly their child to fit the care needs of that child. In my current placement, I have seen practitioners have an effect when meeting the needs of children and one example of this was the practitioner whole step upset, frustrated because this 4 year aging boy who was unable to count his number after having taught him many different ways such as having him sing a song to learn to count as this was some think the boy care doing.Reference* Beaver. M, et al (2008) Childcare and education Cach e level 3 Cheltenham Nelson Thorns * www.freeplaynetwork.org.uk/adventure/manage.htm 26th October 2011 * http//www.infomat.net/infomat/rd741/rd1/database/Forest_Education/index.asp 26th October 2011 * http//www.extension.org/pages/25767/preventing-injuries-in-child-care 1st celestial latitude 2011